In the new issue of the IPF Note, Sara Čulo analyses inequalities in children’s participation in early childhood education and care (ECEC) in the EU member states and in Croatia, with a particular focus on inequalities by socioeconomic status and region.

Although participation rates increased in the period 2015-2024, the gap among children under the age of three has widened further, while moderate progress has been recorded in the older age group. In Croatia, significant regional disparities persist, calling for stronger action by the state and local authorities.

Countries that invest more in ECEC, guarantee a legal right to a place in kindergarten, and offer subsidies and affordable services achieve higher participation rates. Following the example of these countries, and with the aim of increasing enrolment in kindergartens, Croatia could consider introducing similar measures.